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In this paper, we will review the existing literature and highlight the therapeutic success and potential of HDI. HDI is a potentially life-saving therapeutic option however, its popularity is not yet widespread and has been mainly restricted to use as a rescue therapy after conventional methods fail this limitation is likely due to a lack of randomized, controlled trials and practitioner unfamiliarity.
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As such, it is of critical importance that emergency medicine physicians, intensivists, and support staff (nursing, pharmacy) be equipped with the knowledge and comfort to utilize HDI. are not seen at the bedside by a medical toxicologist. Unlike other countries such as Iran, where there is a growing trend to treat acutely poisoned patients in specialized tertiary hospitals where the clinical staff is trained specifically in toxicology, many poisoned patients in the U.S.
GLUCAGON BETA BLOCKER ANTIDOTE SERIES
Although there is a paucity of clinical trials and existing data are currently limited to case series or animal models, HDI has shown great promise as an effective treatment for β-blocker and CCB toxicity. High-dose insulin (HDI) (using doses 10-fold greater than traditional therapy for hyperglycemia) is an emerging therapeutic modality for PICS. Even if there is a response to such traditional therapies, the response is often transient in nature. Conventional therapies, including fluid resuscitation, atropine, cardiac pacing, calcium, glucagon, and vasopressors often fail to improve hemodynamic status in PICS secondary to β-blocker and CCB overdose.